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Objective To determine the management of family planning technology services in Changning District of Shanghai over the past decade， and to explore the key populations and service patterns along with changing family planning policy， so as to provide evidence for further family planning services and management. Methods Based on the routine statistics， family planning surgery， management of key populations， management of surgery quality， and contraceptive counseling from 2011 through 2020 in Changning District were retrospectively reviewed. Results The number of family planning surgery， induced abortion， midtrimester induced abortion， live births， and birth to induced abortion ratio has decreased. Majority of those who received induced abortion were non-local married women， whereas those under 19 years were principally non-local unmarried ones. In total， contraceptive counseling decreased among newly married couples and in the community. Postpartum contraceptive counseling guidance remained at a low level. Furthermore， the number of IUD placements and subcutaneous implants has reduced， suggesting the acceptance of highly effective methods of contraception needs to be improved. The percentage of immediate IUD placement following induced abortion gradually increased. In addition， the percentage of high-risk family planning surgery showed a decreasing trend， however， serious surgical complications remained. Conclusion With the “universal two-child” policy， the number of family planning surgery， especially induced abortions， has decreased significantly. It warrants a demand-driven family planning services， including strengthening the multiple health education and promoting to having a second child for key populations. Moreover， we should optimize the service process， strengthen the professional training for relevant clinicians and staff， and improve the quality of services for ensuring the mother and child health.
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Objective To determine the management of family planning technology services in Changning District of Shanghai over the past decade， and to explore the key populations and service patterns along with changing family planning policy， so as to provide evidence for further family planning services and management. Methods Based on the routine statistics， family planning surgery， management of key populations， management of surgery quality， and contraceptive counseling from 2011 through 2020 in Changning District were retrospectively reviewed. Results The number of family planning surgery， induced abortion， midtrimester induced abortion， live births， and birth to induced abortion ratio has decreased. Majority of those who received induced abortion were non-local married women， whereas those under 19 years were principally non-local unmarried ones. In total， contraceptive counseling decreased among newly married couples and in the community. Postpartum contraceptive counseling guidance remained at a low level. Furthermore， the number of IUD placements and subcutaneous implants has reduced， suggesting the acceptance of highly effective methods of contraception needs to be improved. The percentage of immediate IUD placement following induced abortion gradually increased. In addition， the percentage of high-risk family planning surgery showed a decreasing trend， however， serious surgical complications remained. Conclusion With the “universal two-child” policy， the number of family planning surgery， especially induced abortions， has decreased significantly. It warrants a demand-driven family planning services， including strengthening the multiple health education and promoting to having a second child for key populations. Moreover， we should optimize the service process， strengthen the professional training for relevant clinicians and staff， and improve the quality of services for ensuring the mother and child health.
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Resumo Objetivo Compreender a experiência vivida da mulher ao tornar-se mãe de um segundo filho. Métodos O desenho do estudo adota uma metodologia qualitativa com abordagem fenomenológica hermenêutica. A colheita de dados foi realizada em duas creches da área de Leiria. Foram realizadas entrevistas fenomenológicas a onze mulheres, com um segundo filho, de idade compreendida entre os 18 e os 24 meses. As atividades desenvolvidas no processo de análise de dados tiveram em consideração as orientações de Van Manen. Resultados Tornar-se mãe de dois filhos emergiu como "uma experiência completamente diferente", na medida em que dois filhos, uma família, exigem a realização de inúmeras atividades pela mulher, que a conduzem à experiência do muito e do limite, do ir além de si, na procura de um novo eu, que quer encontrar o essencial. A procura de ajuda é o caminho percorrido pela mulher, num tempo em que precisa de mais apoio. Conclusão Este estudo abre uma nova perspetiva de compreensão do fenómeno de transição da parentalidade podendo assim ter impacto na prática clinica dos enfermeiros.
Resumen Objetivo Comprender la experiencia vivida por una mujer al convertirse en madre de un segundo hijo. Métodos El diseño del estudio adopta una metodología cualitativa con enfoque fenomenológico hermenéutico. La recopilación de datos se realizó en dos guarderías de la zona de Leiria. Se realizaron encuestas fenomenológicas a 11 mujeres con un segundo hijo entre 18 y 24 meses de edad. Las actividades desarrolladas en el proceso de análisis de datos siguieron las instrucciones de Van Manen. Resultados Ser madre de dos hijos surgió como "una experiencia completamente diferente", en la medida en que dos hijos, una familia, exigen la realización de incontables actividades por parte de la mujer, que la conducen a la experiencia de lo mucho y del límite, de ir más allá de sí misma, buscando un nuevo yo que quiere encontrar lo esencial. La búsqueda de ayuda es el camino que la mujer atraviesa, en un momento en que necesita más apoyo. Conclusión Este estudio abre una nueva perspectiva de comprensión del fenómeno de transición de la parentalidad y puede tener impacto en la práctica clínica de los enfermeros.
Abstract Objective To understand the woman's experience of becoming a second-time mother. Methods The study design adopts a qualitative methodology with a hermeneutic phenomenological approach. Data collection was performed in two daycare centers in the Leiria area. Phenomenological interviews were conducted with 11 women with a second child aged between 18 and 24 months. Van Manen's guidelines were taken into account in the activities developed in the data analysis process. Results Becoming a second-time mother emerged as "a completely different experience" in that two children and a family require the performance of numerous activities by the woman, which leads her to the experience of too much and the limit, of going beyond herself in the search for a new self who wants to find the essential. The search for help is the path taken by the woman at a time when she needs more support. Conclusion This study opens a new perspective of understanding the phenomenon of transition to parenthood and may have an impact on nurses' clinical practice.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Women , Mother-Child Relations/psychology , Mothers/psychology , Interviews as Topic , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Family Relations/psychologyABSTRACT
Objective To learn the second child bearing desire and its influencing factors among people of reproductive age and to provide reference for the newborn population prediction, effective population policy promotion and health-care resource allocation. Methods The married people at the age of 20 to 49 years in Keqiao District from April to June in 2017 were selected by the multi-stage random sampling method. A face-to-face questionnaire survey was used to investigate the second child bearing desire. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for the second child bearing desire. Results A total of 655 questionnaires were issued, with 612 valid (93.43%) . Among the 612 respondents, 386 were willing to bear the second child and the rate was 63.07% . The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that age between 30 and 40 years old (OR=2.073-2.131, all P ＜0.05) , engaged in workers, farmers, household/unemployed and self-employed/business (OR=1.816-4.543, all P＜0.05) , respondents were not only children (OR=2.200, P＜0.05) , couples both were not only children (OR=2.119, P＜0.05) and the first child was a girl were the promotive factors for having the second child; higher education level (OR=0.203-0.505, all P＜0.05), the average working time was 8 h (OR=0.556, P＜0.05), and the marriage age was more than 25 years old (OR=0.172-0.349, all P ＜ 0.05) were obstructive factors for having the second child. Conclusion The people of reproductive age in Keqiao are more willing to bear second child. Age, education level, occupation, daily work time, the only child or not, family structure, marriage age and gender of the first child are associated with the second child bearing desire.
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Objective To investigate the status and its influencing factors of job stressors in postpartum nurses with the second-child.Methods A total of 127 postpartum nurses with the second-child from 18 tertiary general hospitals in Beijing were investigated with general information questionnaire and the Nurse Stressor Scale.Results The scores of the Nurse Stressor Scale of postpartum nurses with the second-child were 487.99±209.37,mainly for the stressors of nature of nursing work,work load and family.Nature of the department,length of second-child maternity leave,satisfaction of income,appropriate adjustment and care of the department according to work position were the independent contributing factors(P＜0.05).Conclusion The scores of the Nurse Stressor Scale of postpartum nurses with the second-child were in the middle level.Measures should be taken to ensure the length of the second-child maternity leave,arrange suitable work posts,raise salary,and give full care and support to postpartum nurses with the second-child in order to reduce their stress level.
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Objective To explore the correlation between family cohesion and adaptation and work adaptation in postpartum nurses with second child. Methods There were 155 postpartum nurses with second child collected from 4 hospitals in Chengdu of Sichuan Province between October and December 2017, by convenience sampling. Family Adaptation and Cohesion Evaluation Scale Ⅱ and Questionnaire of Return Adaptation for Postpartum Nurse were used in the investigation. Results The family real cohesion, ideal cohesion and dissatisfaction of coherence were (66.95 ± 8.37), (71.68 ± 6.45), (7.87 ± 5.13) points in this study, which were higher than norms: (63.90 ± 8.00), (68.80 ± 5.30), (6.40 ± 5.00) points, and there were significant differences (t=-3.086,-4.079,-2.403, all P<0.05) . The family real adaptation was (48.86 ± 7.33) points, which was less than norms: (50.90 ± 6.20) points, and there was significant difference (t=2.514, P<0.05). The ideal adaptation had no significant difference with norms (P>0.05). The dissatisfaction of adaptation was (9.36±5.22) points, which was higher than norms: (7.40 ± 5.30) points, and there was significant difference (t=-3.076, P<0.05). There were 24 (15.5%) nurses in extreme type family, 54 (34.8%) in intermediate type and 77 (49.7%) in balance type. The average score of work adaptation was (2.41 ± 0.76) points. The scores of work adaptation in nurses of extreme type family were lowest. Time since working, dissatisfaction of adaptation, dissatisfaction of coherence and hospital level were the influencing factors of work adaptation. Conclusions Nursing managers should face up to the situation of work adaptation in postpartum nurses, humanize their management, pay attention to the emotional state, promptly dispel their bad negative emotions, take measurements to improve the understanding of nurses'families and help them pass the adaptation period of returning to work.
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Objective For the second children diagnosed as ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn(ABO-HDN),we made a comprehensive analysis of the related indicators of prenatal and postpartum,so as to achieve early prevention,early diagnosis and early treatment.Methods Prenatal microcolumn gel assay was used to detect the father and mother's blood type and mother's irregular antibody,mother serum IgG anti A(B)anti-body titer.Microcolumn gel assay was used to detect hemolysis three tests after the production of pregnant women.The results were divided into five groups according to the results of hemolysis three tests:group A[di-rect antiglobulin test(+),free antibodies test(+)and antibody releasing test(+)],group B[direct antiglobu-lin test(-),free antibodies test(+)and antibody releasing test(+)],group C[direct antiglobulin test(+), free antibodies test(-)and antibody releasing test(+)],group D[direct antiglobulin test(-),free antibod-ies test(-)and antibody releasing test(+)]and group E[direct antiglobulin test(+),free antibodies test (-)and antibody releasing test(-)].Total bilirubin,unbound bilirubin,hemoglobin,reticulocyte percentage and lactate dehydrogenase were detected by automatic analyzer.Results ABO-HDN children hemolysis three tests,in the 5 groups,the higher the titer of the mother's IgG anti A(B)antibody,the more serious the child' s condition was,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Reticulocyte percentage and lactate de-hydrogenase in the five groups,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion A combina-tion of antenatal and postnatal multiple laboratory test parameters is more accurate in predicting the second child ABO-HDN.At the same time,it helps to master the state of the disease and reduce the occurrence of complications and sequelae.
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Objective To explore the influencing factors of second child fertility willingness in Dalian under the policy of two children. Methods Questionnaire software was used to compose the questionnaire, and the influencing factors were analyzed by issuing the questionnaire. Results 41.1%(2960/7210) investigator consented that the best interval of second birth was 4- 5 years. 72.4%(5220/7210) investigator consented that 2 kids for a family were the most suitable. Intention of bearing the second child was the strongest among age of 24- 30 years, 47.2%(783/1660). The desire of the second child gradually increased along with more education. 32.5%(104/320) of investigator with doctorship had second child fertility willingness. The second child fertility willingness in couples from one-child family was higher than that from non one-child family: 34.7% (906/2610) vs. 17.6%(809/4600), P < 0.01. The second child fertility willingness in first marriage was higher than that in second marriage: 24.1%(1709/ 7100) vs. 5.5%(6/110), P < 0.01. Family with stable, relatively high income, one child and the elderly who had willing to help was more likely to bearing second child. The desire of bearing the second child increased among those with smooth process of conception, painless delivery, cesarean delivery, postpartum recovered well, favorable living quality with one kid. Conclusions The will of bearing second child is related with individual background, economic ability, social culture, process of pregnancy and delivery, quality of postpartum life and other factors.
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Objective To explore the influencing factors of second child fertility willingness in Dalian under the policy of two children. Methods Questionnaire software was used to compose the questionnaire, and the influencing factors were analyzed by issuing the questionnaire. Results 41.1%(2960/7210) investigator consented that the best interval of second birth was 4- 5 years. 72.4%(5220/7210) investigator consented that 2 kids for a family were the most suitable. Intention of bearing the second child was the strongest among age of 24- 30 years, 47.2%(783/1660). The desire of the second child gradually increased along with more education. 32.5%(104/320) of investigator with doctorship had second child fertility willingness. The second child fertility willingness in couples from one-child family was higher than that from non one-child family: 34.7% (906/2610) vs. 17.6%(809/4600), P < 0.01. The second child fertility willingness in first marriage was higher than that in second marriage: 24.1%(1709/ 7100) vs. 5.5%(6/110), P < 0.01. Family with stable, relatively high income, one child and the elderly who had willing to help was more likely to bearing second child. The desire of bearing the second child increased among those with smooth process of conception, painless delivery, cesarean delivery, postpartum recovered well, favorable living quality with one kid. Conclusions The will of bearing second child is related with individual background, economic ability, social culture, process of pregnancy and delivery, quality of postpartum life and other factors.
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Objective To investigate the willingness of delivery methods for second birt hand the actual delivery methods and analyze the influencing factors. Method The random cluster sampling method was adopted to randomly collect 1,237 women who delivered secondly or took antenatal care in two hospitals between October 2016 and April 2017,surveying their willingness of delivery methods for second birt hand the actual delivery methods.Results In the final delivery method,688 cases (54.62%)chose natural childbirth and 549 (45.38%)caesarean section. Logistic regression analysis showed age, nationality, first child delive mode, related knowledge of childbirth,and willingness to give birth were the main factors influencing the method of maternal delivery(all P<0.05). Conclusions The rate of caesarean section is higher for the second-child pregnant women.Individual willing is the most important factor influencing the selection of delivery methods.Therefore,we should enhance the education on the childbirth knowledge to the mothers and their families,helping them to make reasonable choices of delivery methods,for the purpose of reducing the rate of dissection.
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O presente estudo investigou sentimentos e expectativas em mães grávidas do segundo filho. Participaram da pesquisa 21 mulheres que estavam no terceiro trimestre de gestação do segundo filho e que o primeiro filho estava em idade pré-escolar. Todas as participantes residiam na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre (RS), eram casadas e o marido era o pai de seus dois filhos. As mães foram entrevistadas individualmente e suas respostas foram examinadas através de uma análise de conteúdo qualitativa. Foi desenvolvida uma estrutura de categorias derivadas da literatura, assim como da leitura das entrevistas. Percebeu-se que há especificidades no que diz respeito aos sentimentos e às expectativas da mãe no contexto do nascimento de um segundo filho, especialmente em relação à vivência da gestação e ao envolvimento emocional da mãe com este bebê, devido ao fato de ela já ter um filho. Implicações clínicas dos achados também são discutidas...
The present study investigated maternal feelings and expectations during second pregnancy. Twenty-one mothers, who were in the third trimester of her second child pregnancy and whose firstborn was in preschool, took part in the study. All participants lived in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre (RS), were married and their husband was the father of their two children. The mothers were interviewed individually and their answers were examined through qualitative content analysis. The structure of categories was derived from the literature as well as from the reading of the interviews. It was noticed that there are particularities with regard to maternal feelings and expectations in the context of the birth of a second child, especially in relation to the experience of pregnancy and maternal emotional involvement with the baby, due to the fact she already has a son. Clinical implications of the findings are also discussed...
El presente estudio investigó sentimientos maternos e expectativas en madres embarazadas del segundo hijo. Participaron en la investigación 21 mujeres que estaban embarazadas de su secundo hijo y que el primer hijo tenía la edad preescolar. Todas las participantes vivían en la región metropolitana de Porto Alegre (RS), estaban casadas y el marido era el padre de sus dos hijos. Las madres fueron entrevistadas individualmente y sus respuestas fueron examinadas a través de un análisis de contenido cualitativo. Fue desarrollada una estructura de categorías derivadas de la literatura, así como la lectura de las entrevistas. Se percibió que hay especificidades respecto a los sentimientos y expectativas maternas en el contexto del nacimiento de un secundo hijo, especialmente en relación a la vivencia de la gestación y al envolvimiento emocional de la madre con este bebé por el hecho de ya haber tenido un hijo anteriormente. Implicaciones clínicas de los hallazgos también son discutidas...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Child, Preschool , Child , Mothers/psychology , Parenting , PregnancyABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as expectativas e os sentimentos de gestantes de segundo filho em relação ao bebê. Participaram 25 mulheres, no último trimestre de gestação, com idades entre 28 e 43 anos. Todas residiam com o pai dos dois filhos, em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Realizou-se entrevista semiestruturada, submetida à análise qualitativa de conteúdo. Os resultados indicaram diferentes expectativas maternas quanto ao segundo filho, tanto em relação ao sexo e ao nome, como quanto às características emocionais e físicas, com destaque para as comparações com o primogênito. As mães grávidas do segundo bebê depararam com o desafio de acolher e aceitar o desconhecido. O significado do segundo filho para a mãe ainda precisa ser contemplado em estudos sobre o tema.
The present study aimed to investigate the expectations and feelings of pregnant women regarding their second child. A total of 25 second-time mothers, aged 28 to 43, in the last trimester of their second pregnancy, took part in the study. They lived with their partners, in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A semi-structured interview was carried out, which was analyzed according to qualitative content analysis. The mothers reported their expectations concerning the second child regarding gender, name, and physical and emotional characteristics, often making comparisons with the firstborn. Mothers who are expecting a new baby are faced with the challenge of welcoming and accepting the unknown that the new infant represents. The meaning the second child has for the mother must be explored in future studies on the subject.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Birth Order , Mother-Child Relations , PregnancyABSTRACT
O presente estudo investigou as impressões de oito mães, que responderam a uma entrevista sobre seu relacionamento com o primogênito durante a gestação do segundo filho. A partir de uma análise de conteúdo, os resultados revelaram que a nova gestação trouxe-lhes a necessidade de uma redefinição em sua identidade materna e em sua relação com o primogênito. Além de voltar-se emocionalmente para o bebê, as restrições físicas da gestação trouxeram limitações à interação mãe-primogênito, tanto em brincadeiras como nos cuidados diários. Destaca-se ainda o aumento no apoio fornecido pelo casal parental ao primogênito. Os resultados sugerem a importância da rede de apoio e de programas de intervenção para famílias envolvidas na transição para o nascimento do segundo filho.
The present study investigated impressions and feelings of eight mothers who were interviewed concerning the relationship with their firstborn child during the pregnancy of their second child. Based on content analysis, the results indicated that the new pregnancy required a redefinition of mother's relationship with her firstborn child and of her maternal identity. Because mother was emotionally involved with the baby, as well as physical restrictions of the pregnancy, limitations of the interaction between the mother and her firstborn child during play and in daily care were reported. The results suggest the importance of the family's social network and, eventually, the necessity of intervention programs for families involved in the transition process of having a second child.
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O presente estudo investigou as percepções maternas sobre as reações do filho primogênito à gestação do segundo filho. Participaram do estudo oito gestantes no último trimestre de gravidez do segundo filho e cujo primeiro filho estava em idade pré-escolar. A análise qualitativa do conteúdo das entrevistas revelou que o avanço da gestação e a proximidade do parto desencadearam ansiedade e ciúme nos primogênitos, concomitantemente a manifestações de alegria pela chegada do irmão. Todas as crianças apresentaram atitudes indicativas de ciúme, tais como medo de perder a atenção e o carinho da mãe, e sinais de agressividade dirigidos à barriga da gestante. Os resultados sugerem que a gestação do irmão constitui um evento marcante na vida dos primogênitos e ressaltam a importância do apoio parental nesse período.
The present study investigated mothers' perceptions regarding the reaction of the firstborn to the pregnancy with second child. Eight pregnant women, who had one pre-school child and were in the third trimester of pregnancy, participated in the study. A qualitative content analysis of the interviews revealed that the pregnancy and the proximity of childbirth unleashed anxiety and jealousy in the firstborn, accompanied by demonstrations of joy at the arrival of the sibling. All the children showed attitudes indicative of jealousy, including fear of losing mother's attention and affection, as well as signs of aggressiveness towards the mother's belly. The results suggest that the mother's pregnancy is an outstanding event in the life of the firstborn, emphasizing the importance of parental support in this period.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Child , Jealousy , PregnancyABSTRACT
O nascimento do segundo filho é uma fase específica do ciclo vital familiar, que acarreta mudanças, especialmente para o primogênito. O presente artigo examina questões teóricas e estudos empíricos acerca das implicações emocionais da chegada de um irmão para o primogênito. Os estudos sugerem que este momento é especial tanto para a mãe, que precisa cuidar de dois filhos, quanto para o primogênito, que deixa de ser filho único e precisa compartilhar os cuidados maternos. A literatura que tem se dedicado ao impacto do nascimento de um segundo filho no primogênito apresenta resultados contraditórios: se, por um lado, aponta mais comportamentos regressivos, de dependência, do primogênito, por outro, indica maior independência. A literatura ainda considera os comportamentos regressivos como "negativos", enquanto os de independência como "positivos" e de crescimento. Torna-se fundamental identificar momentos de transição na família, passíveis de mudanças, a fim de ajudar os pais a compreenderem que a criança tem seu próprio ritmo de desenvolvimento rumo à independência e pode apresentar comportamentos mais regressivos nos momentos de transição.
The birth of a second child is a specific phase of the family life cycle, which brings changes, especially for the firstborn. The present article examines some theoretical questions and empirical studies concerning the emotional implications of the birth of a second child for the firstborn. The studies suggest that this is a special moment both for mothers, who need to take care of two children, and for the firstborn who is no longer an only child and needs to share maternal care. The literature on the impact of the birth of a second child on the firstborn has presented contradictory results. If, on the one hand, it has highlighted the firstborn's greater dependence and regressive behaviours, on the other, it has indicated more independent behaviours. Moreover, the literature considers dependence behaviours as "negative", while independence behaviours are seen as "positive" and a sign of growth. It is fundamental to identify transition points in the family cycle, so as to help parents to understand that the child follows its own rhythm of development towards independence, and may present more regressive behaviours in moments of transition.
El nacimiento del segundo hijo se caracteriza por ser una etapa específica del ciclo vital familiar, generando cambios, en especial al primogénito. El presente artículo examina algunas cuestiones teóricas y estudios empíricos acerca de las repercusiones emocionales con la llegada de un hermano para el primogénito. Los resultados sugieren que ese momento es especial tanto para la madre, que necesita cuidar de la maternidad de sus dos hijos, cuanto para el niño que deja de ser su único hijo y necesita compartir los cuidados maternos. Específicamente cuanto al primogénito, la literatura presenta resultados contradictorios. Si, por un lado, apunta mayor dependencia, por otro lado, indica mayor independencia. La literatura aún considera los comportamientos regresivos como "negativos", en cuanto los de independencia como "positivos" y de crecimiento. Se torna fundamental identificar los puntos de transición en la familia, pasibles de cambios, con el objetivo de ayudar a los padres a comprender que el niño sigue su propio ritmo de desarrollo rumbo a su independencia, siendo, por tanto, posible que el niño venga a presentar comportamientos más regresivos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , PsychologyABSTRACT
O estudo investigou os comportamentos de dependência do primogênito no contexto de gestação de um segundo filho. Participaram cinco primogênitos em idade pré-escolar e suas respectivas mães, no terceiro trimestre de gestação. Foi aplicado Teste das Fábulas nas crianças e realizadas entrevistas semi-dirigidas com as mães. Os resultados revelaram tendência de comportamento de dependência do primogênito. Observaram-se também comportamentos de independência, indicando ambivalência. Os resultados sugerem que a gestação do irmão constitui-se momento especial para a criança que tem que deixar de ser filho único e aprender a compartilhar os cuidados maternos. A investigação acerca das mudanças nas relações familiares e suas implicações para cada um dos membros são de fundamental importância para a compreensão do desenvolvimento humano. Este artigo contribui para a literatura existente que não tem contemplado especificamente em que medida o comportamento do primogênito é afetado pela existência de um irmão durante a gestação.
The study investigated the firstborn's dependence behaviors in the context of a second child's pregnancy. Five preschool firstborns and their respective mothers, in the third trimester of pregnancy, took part in the study. The Fables Test was used in order to assess children's perceptions, and a semi-structured interview in order to investigate mothers' perceptions. The results revealed a dependence behavior tendency in the firstborn. There were also independence behaviors suggesting ambivalence. The results indicate that a second child's pregnancy is a special moment for the firstborn who is no longer an only child and has to learn to share maternal care. The investigation concerning changes in family relationships and their implications for each family member are of fundamental importance for understanding human development. This article represents a contribution to the literature which has not studied the extent to which the firstborn's behavior is affected by the presence of a sibling already during pregnancy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Adult , Child Behavior/psychology , Dependency, Psychological , Pregnancy/psychology , Mother-Child RelationsABSTRACT
O nascimento do segundo filho pode gerar um aumento na tensão familiar, pois traz a necessidade de reformulações nos papéis e regras do funcionamento familiar. O presente estudo investigou o impacto do nascimento do segundo filho nas relações familiares, especialmente quanto às mudanças na rede de apoio, relação conjugal, comportamentos do primogênito e relação genitores-primogênito. Participaram do estudo oito famílias, nas quais o segundo filho havia nascido no segundo ano de vida do primogênito. Os genitores foram entrevistados no 18º, 24º e 36º mês de vida do primogênito. Análise de conteúdo qualitativa revelou o esforço de cada membro das famílias para lidar com as ambigüidades dessa situação, pois ao mesmo tempo que o segundo filho é celebrado, ele também altera uma dinâmica familiar relativamente estável envolvendo a tríade pai-mãe-primogênito. Embora as mudanças tenham sido acompanhadas de ansiedade e instabilidade nas relações, os resultados destacam a capacidade adaptativa dos membros dessas famílias.
The second child's birth can increase family tension because it brings a need for reformulation of its roles and functioning rules. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the second child's birth on family relations, with special attention to the changes in social support, marital relationship, firstborn's behaviors and parents-first born relationship. Eight families, in which the second child had been born during the first born's second year of life, participated in the study. The parents were interviewed during the first born's 18th, 24th and 36th month. The qualitative content analysis revealed the effort of each family member to deal with the ambiguities of this situation which, at the same time the second child is celebrated, changes a relatively steady familiar dynamics involving the father-mother-first-born triad. Although the changes brought anxiety and instability to family relations, the results highlight the adaptiveness of the members of these families.